Kidney function tests are essential diagnostic tools that use blood and urine samples to evaluate how well the kidneys are performing. Since kidneys play a vital role in filtering waste and balancing fluids in the body, regular testing can detect problems early and guide appropriate treatment. Learn about different types of kidney function tests, how they work, and what doctors can learn from their results.*

Types of Kidney Function Tests

Kidney function tests are categorized into:

• Blood tests. Blood tests like the serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) tests measure waste levels in the blood, while the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimates kidney filtering efficiency. 
• Urine tests. Urine tests, such as urinalysis and the urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR), check for protein leakage, blood, or other abnormal substances in the urine. Detecting these markers can indicate issues such as kidney infections, diabetes, or early-stage kidney disease.

Sometimes, more advanced diagnostic methods such as imaging tests and a biopsy are needed. 

Advanced Diagnostic Methods

In instances where detailed images are called for, your doctor may order tests such as:

• Ultrasounds,  
• CT scans, or 
• MRIs, to assess your kidneys’ structure. 

These scans help detect physical abnormalities like cysts, tumors, or kidney stones.

For a more precise diagnosis, a kidney biopsy might be necessary. This procedure involves removing a small tissue sample from the kidney to examine it for disease markers or assess the effectiveness of ongoing treatment.

Interpreting Test Results and Next Steps

Positive results from multiple tests often indicate underlying kidney issues. Doctors use these results to form a comprehensive diagnosis and create a personalized treatment plan.

Regular testing is encouraged, since factors like:

• Diabetes,  
• High blood pressure, and 
• Family history of kidney disease increase the risk of kidney problems. 

Early detection and management through lifestyle changes and medical care can slow disease progression and improve long-term outcomes.

Takeaway

Kidney function tests are vital for detecting and managing kidney-related health problems. People at higher risk should consider regular testing to catch potential issues early, enabling timely intervention and better health management.

*Johnson, J. & Lovering C. (2024, December 4).Everything you need to know about kidney function tests. Medical News Today. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/325397 

Responsum Health closely vets all sources to ensure that we always provide you with high-quality, reliable information. We do not, however, endorse or recommend any specific providers, treatments, or products, and the use of a given source does not imply an endorsement of any provider, treatment, medication, or procedure discussed within.