Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN), or Berger’s disease, is a chronic autoimmune condition where the immune system mistakenly attacks the kidneys’ glomeruli—tiny blood vessels responsible for filtering blood. This leads to the release of IgA antibodies in the kidneys, causing inflammation. While often slow-moving, untreated IgAN can progress to kidney failure over decades. Learn more about the three key stages of IgAN–early symptoms, progressive developments, and end-stage manifestations, as well as best practices for seeking care.*

Early Symptoms: The First Warning Signs

IgA nephropathy disrupts the kidneys’ filtering ability, allowing blood to leak into the urine and causing hallmark symptoms like:

• Dark-colored urine that may resemble cola or caramel, and
• Frequent respiratory infections, including colds and sore throats.

Another critical symptom is severe hypertension (high blood pressure), often asymptomatic but linked to serious risks like heart disease. Recognizing these early signs can lead to timely diagnosis and intervention, reducing the likelihood of disease progression.

Progressive Symptoms: Escalating Challenges

As IgAN advances, additional symptoms emerge due to ongoing kidney damage. Proteinuria, or excess protein in the urine, and damage to blood vessels, can manifest as:

• Foamy urine, while fluid retention may cause 
• Edema (swelling) in the hands, feet, and legs, 
• Bleeding, bruising, and pain in the sides or back,
• Fatigue and gastrointestinal symptoms, such as diarrhea and abdominal cramping. 

These progressive issues reflect the systemic impact of the disease and emphasize the need for medical monitoring and treatment to slow kidney damage and manage your symptoms effectively.

End-Stage Symptoms: Navigating Severe Complications

Without intervention, IgAN can lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), with symptoms such as:

• Severe headaches, 
• Nausea and vomiting, and 
• Insomnia.  

Patients may also experience symptoms signaling critical kidney failure, including:

• Cognitive changes, 
• Excessive thirst, and 
• Foul-smelling breath.

While 30–40% of people with IgAN may eventually face kidney failure, proper treatment can prevent or delay this outcome for many. Those with advanced symptoms should seek immediate medical care, as complications like seizures, chest pain, or loss of consciousness require emergency attention.

Seeking Care and Asking the Right Questions

Early detection is vital to improving outcomes for those with IgA nephropathy. If you notice symptoms like bloody urine, swelling, or difficulty urinating, contact your healthcare provider promptly. Key questions to ask include available diagnostic tests, treatment options, and lifestyle changes to manage the condition.

By understanding the progression of IgAN and prioritizing timely care, you can significantly enhance your quality of life and reduce the risk of severe complications.

*Gurarie, M. (2024, September 25). Signs and Symptoms of IgA Nephropathy. Health. https://www.health.com/iga-nephropathy-symptoms-8706753 

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