Chronic kidney disease (CKD) can significantly impact mental health. As the disease progresses, it can cause not only physical discomfort but also life-altering changes that can lead to anxiety and depression. These conditions can complicate the management of CKD, so it’s crucial to address mental and physical health at the same time. Learn more about the intricate relationship between CKD and mental health and ways to manage mental health concerns as part of your care plan.*

CKD and Mental Health Challenges

Living with CKD presents significant stressors, ranging from managing daily treatment routines to adjusting to lifestyle changes, all of which can strain mental well-being. Many patients report feelings of being physically unwell, which can exacerbate existing anxiety and depression.

Studies show that up to 50% of people on dialysis experience anxiety and depression. Hemodialysis, a common treatment for CKD, requires a significant time commitment, as well as lifestyle changes that can feel overwhelming to both patients and their family members. 

People on dialysis often worry about how dialysis impacts their work, relationships, and finances. As one report states, “not being able to get good-quality sleep and changes in employment can further compound stressors.”

Additionally, CKD patients may feel like a burden to loved ones, heightening their mental health struggles. The financial and emotional costs of long-term treatment can add yet another layer of anxiety.

Common Mental Health Conditions in CKD

Depression

Depression is a widespread concern among people with CKD. Some symptoms include:

• Persistent feelings of hopelessness, guilt, worthlessness, and loss of interest in previously enjoyed activities. 
• Sleep problems, 
• Fatigue, and 
• Difficulty concentrating.

It’s important to seek help if you experience these symptoms for more than two weeks. 

In one 2021 review, “around 43% of people with CKD experienced elevated symptoms of anxiety, while 19% faced diagnosable anxiety disorders.”

Anxiety

Anxiety, another frequent condition associated with CKD, can manifest as:

• Constant worry, 
• Restlessness, and 
• Irritability.  

You may also experience physical symptoms like:

• Muscle tension, 
• Headaches, and 
• Rapid heartbeat.

The ongoing stress of CKD management, particularly for those on dialysis, can make it difficult to manage everyday life, heightening anxiety levels. 

As one patient shared, “the fear that dialysis may cause pain and disrupt daily life makes me anxious about my future.”

Treatments for Depression and Anxiety in CKD

Your mental health concerns should be addressed as part of your overall treatment, which often involves a combination of medication, therapy, and lifestyle changes.

Medications

• Antidepressants. These medications help regulate the chemicals in the brain responsible for mood and stress, thus alleviating depression and anxiety symptoms.
• Anti-anxiety medications and beta-blockers. These drugs can manage the physical symptoms of anxiety, such as shaking and rapid heartbeat, while also reducing unease.

Psychotherapy

• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). This widely recommended approach helps patients reframe negative thought patterns, which can alleviate both depression and anxiety. 
• Interpersonal Therapy (IPT). Useful in treating depression, IPT helps patients work through relationship problems that may contribute to emotional distress.

Experts encourage patients to adopt healthy lifestyle habits, such as:

• Regular exercise, 
• Relaxation techniques, and 
• Avoiding substances like alcohol and nicotine.

Living with CKD brings many challenges, both physical and emotional. As the disease progresses, the risk of mental health issues such as depression and anxiety increases. 

By seeking appropriate treatments—including medication, therapy, and supportive lifestyle changes—you can better manage your mental health alongside your CKD treatment plan.

*Rowden, A. (2023, October 20). What to know about mental health with chronic kidney disease. Medical News Today. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/kidney-disease-and-mental-health#:~ 

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