In the United States and other developed countries, the prevalence of obesity is dramatically increasing. Inactive lifestyles, high-calorie meals, and a diet filled with processed foods and sugary drinks play significant roles. It’s now well-known that obesity can affect our health in various ways, but what is its relationship to chronic kidney disease (CKD)? Learn more about the association between obesity and CKD here. 

How is obesity determined?

Obesity is determined through a screening tool called body mass index (BMI). It is calculated using a person’s height and weight, and is a simple way to determine whether a person is underweight, normal weight, overweight, or obese for their frame. While BMI does not take muscle mass and other factors into consideration, a BMI of more than 30 is generally considered obese. 

Does the type of obesity matter? 

Research has more recently shown that a person’s type of obesity can affect their risk for health conditions. Apple-shaped obesity, where fat is found above the waistline and around the stomach area, is more strongly associated with adverse health issues compared to pear-shaped obesity, where fat cells congregate around the hips, buttocks, and thighs. 

How is obesity related to CKD?

Research has found close associations between obesity, diabetes, and high blood pressure, all of which contribute to the development and progression of CKD. In addition, obesity can cause chronic body inflammation—which can cause kidney scarring—and abnormal fat metabolism, which can also negatively affect the kidneys.

Can weight loss help CKD?

Numerous studies have proven that weight reduction can improve estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), or kidney function, and reduce proteinuria (protein in the urine). Even in obese children, in whom kidney function has already begun to decline, early intervention can improve health outcomes later in life. 

For adults, practicing regular self-care, including engaging in physical activity and adding more whole foods to your diet, are key. For children, encouraging regular play outside and/or getting involved in active sports may help with weight management. In some cases, weight loss (bariatric) surgery has also helped to improve kidney function and proteinuria. 

If you want to learn more about how your weight may affect your CKD, speak with your doctor and healthcare team. You can also ask for a referral to a registered dietitian and/or exercise physiologist to help start you on the right path toward achieving a weight that’s healthy for you. 

*Prasad, R. (2022, October 21). Chronic Kidney Disease: Its Relationship With Obesity. https://www.cureus.com/articles/119998-chronic-kidney-disease-its-relationship-with-obesity